Chemical element【钚】,bù,Pu,Plutonium - Periodic Table

bù
钚
94
Pu
Actinoids
Plutonium

Group
无
Period
7
Block
f

Chemical element【钚】

Protons
94
Electrons
94
Neutrons
150

词源是冥王星

General Properties

Atomic Number: 94
Atomic Weight: [244]
Mass Number: 244
Category: Actinoids
Color: Silver
Radioactive: Yes
Discovery year: 1940

Crystal Structure: Simple Monoclinic

History

钚在1940年被赛博格，麦克米兰，肯尼迪和胡何在加州大学伯克利分校的60英寸粒子加速器用中子轰击铀238核得到

伯克利团队用镎238经衰变得到钚238

Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2
Electron Configuration: [Rn] 5f⁶ 7s²

Physical Properties

Phase: Solid
Density: 19.816g/cm³
Melting Point: 912.55 K | 639.4 °C | 1182.92 °F
Boiling Point: 3501.15 K | 3228 °C | 5842.4 °F
Heat of Fusion: 无
Heat of Vaporization: 325 kJ/mol
Specific Heat Capacity: -

Atomic Properties

Atomic Radius: 159 pm
Covalent Radius: 187 pm
Electronegativity: 1.28 (鲍林标度)
Ionization Potential: 6.0262 eV
Atomic Volume: 12.32 cm³/mol
Thermal Conductivity: 0.0674 W/cm·K
Oxidation States: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Abundance in Earth's crust: 无
Abundance in Universe: 无

CAS Number: 7440-07-5
PubChem CID Number: 23940

Applications

钚239是核武器的核心裂变原料，因其裂变的容易及可用性

钚238同样在驱动人工心脏起搏器来避免多次手术有成功的应用

钚238和铍的合金用来制造中子供科研项目使用

1945年扔在长崎的原子弹有一个钚核

Stable Isotopes: -
Unstable Isotopes

²²⁸Pu, ²²⁹Pu, ²³⁰Pu, ²³¹Pu, ²³²Pu, ²³³Pu, ²³⁴Pu, ²³⁵Pu, ²³⁶Pu, ²³⁷Pu, ²³⁸Pu, ²³⁹Pu, ²⁴⁰Pu, ²⁴¹Pu, ²⁴²Pu, ²⁴³Pu, ²⁴⁴Pu, ²⁴⁵Pu, ²⁴⁶Pu, ²⁴⁷Pu