• 61

    Pm

  • Lanthanoids

    Promethium

  • Group

  • Period

    6

  • Block

    f

化学元素【钷】
  • Protons

    61

  • Electrons

    61

  • Neutrons

    84

因神话中盗窃火种造福人类普罗米修斯而得名

General Properties

Atomic Number
61
Atomic Weight
[145]
Mass Number
145
Category
Lanthanoids
Color
Silver
Radioactive
Yes
Discovery year
1945
Crystal Structure
n/a

History

这种介于钕和钐的金属在1902就被捷克化学家布劳那预测存在

钷最早被马林斯基和劳伦斯识别和制备出来是在1945年的橡树岭国家实验室,它是在石墨反应器中分离和分析铀衰变的放射性产物而得到的
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
Pm

Physical Properties

Phase
Solid
Density
7.26g/cm3
Melting Point
1315.15 K | 1042 °C | 1907.6 °F
Boiling Point
3273.15 K | 3000 °C | 5432 °F
Heat of Fusion
7.7 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
290 kJ/mol
Specific Heat Capacity
-

Atomic Properties

Atomic Radius
183 pm
Covalent Radius
199 pm
Electronegativity
-
Ionization Potential
5.582 eV
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol
Thermal Conductivity
0.179 W/cm·K
Oxidation States
3
Abundance in Earth's crust
Abundance in Universe
CAS Number
7440-12-2
PubChem CID Number

Applications

钷被用在太空船和导弹的原子电池中

钷同样被用作通过测量X线强度测量材料厚度的一种X线源头

在未来可能会利用钷生产X光线,和太空探测仪和卫星的辅助热源和能源来源
钷是镧系金属中唯一一种没有稳定的同位素的元素
Stable Isotopes
-
Unstable Isotopes

126Pm, 127Pm, 128Pm, 129Pm, 130Pm, 131Pm, 132Pm, 133Pm, 134Pm, 135Pm, 136Pm, 137Pm, 138Pm, 139Pm, 140Pm, 141Pm, 142Pm, 143Pm, 144Pm, 145Pm, 146Pm, 147Pm, 148Pm, 149Pm, 150Pm, 151Pm, 152Pm, 153Pm, 154Pm, 155Pm, 156Pm, 157Pm, 158Pm, 159Pm, 160Pm, 161Pm, 162Pm, 163Pm