• qiān

  • 82

    Pb

  • Post-transition metals

    Lead

  • Group

    14

  • Period

    6

  • Block

    p

化学元素【铅】
  • Protons

    82

  • Electrons

    82

  • Neutrons

    125

拉丁文“铅”

General Properties

Atomic Number
82
Atomic Weight
207.2
Mass Number
207
Category
Post-transition metals
Color
Slate Gray
Radioactive
No
Discovery year
-4000
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic

History

金属铅的历史可以追溯到公元前6400年的土耳其

罗马人同样用熔化的铅来固定特定重要的建筑物内拉着大块石灰石的铁钉

在古代炼金术中,铅被认为是最老的金属并和土星联系在一起
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Pb

Physical Properties

Phase
Solid
Density
11.342g/cm3
Melting Point
600.61 K | 327.46 °C | 621.43 °F
Boiling Point
2022.15 K | 1749 °C | 3180.2 °F
Heat of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
178 kJ/mol
Specific Heat Capacity
0.129 J/g·K

Atomic Properties

Atomic Radius
175 pm
Covalent Radius
146 pm
Electronegativity
2.33 (鲍林标度)
Ionization Potential
7.4167 eV
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol
Thermal Conductivity
0.353 W/cm·K
Oxidation States
-4, 2, 4
Abundance in Earth's crust
0.00099%
Abundance in Universe
1×10-6%
CAS Number
7439-92-1
PubChem CID Number
5352425

Applications

大量的铅金属和二氧化物被用在大容量蓄电池中

铅被用作电化学分析的电极

铅可以加在黄铜中来减少磨损

不管是纯铅还是铅锡合金,甚至是锑都是传统子弹和火器的原始材料
铅笔芯中没有铅
Stable Isotopes
204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb
Unstable Isotopes

178Pb, 179Pb, 180Pb, 181Pb, 182Pb, 183Pb, 184Pb, 185Pb, 186Pb, 187Pb, 188Pb, 189Pb, 190Pb, 191Pb, 192Pb, 193Pb, 194Pb, 195Pb, 196Pb, 197Pb, 198Pb, 199Pb, 200Pb, 201Pb, 202Pb, 203Pb, 205Pb, 209Pb, 210Pb, 211Pb, 212Pb, 213Pb, 214Pb, 215Pb