• 77

    Ir

  • Transition metals

    Iridium

  • Group

    9

  • Period

    6

  • Block

    d

Chemical element【铱】
  • Protons

    77

  • Electrons

    77

  • Neutrons

    115

拉丁文“彩虹”

General Properties

Atomic Number
77
Atomic Weight
192.217
Mass Number
192
Category
Transition metals
Color
Silver
Radioactive
No
Discovery year
1803
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic

History

锇在1803年被英格兰化学家史密森 坦能在伦敦发现

他在把铂溶解在水中得到一种可溶盐且观察到了小批量的黑色,不溶物残留

史密森分析了这种残留并总结到了残留中必定含有一种新元素
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
Ir

Physical Properties

Phase
Solid
Density
22.56g/cm3
Melting Point
2739.15 K | 2466 °C | 4470.8 °F
Boiling Point
4701.15 K | 4428 °C | 8002.4 °F
Heat of Fusion
26 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
560 kJ/mol
Specific Heat Capacity
0.131 J/g·K

Atomic Properties

Atomic Radius
136 pm
Covalent Radius
141 pm
Electronegativity
2.2 (鲍林标度)
Ionization Potential
8.967 eV
Atomic Volume
8.54 cm3/mol
Thermal Conductivity
1.47 W/cm·K
Oxidation States
-3, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Abundance in Earth's crust
4×10-8%
Abundance in Universe
2×10-7%
CAS Number
7439-88-5
PubChem CID Number
23924

Applications

铱被用来制造坩埚和其他耐热的设备

铱同样被用作铂系合金的硬度增强剂

它的抗电弧腐蚀性能让它成为电子打火塞的理想材料

放射性的铱同位素被用在癌症放疗上
铱是目前最好的防腐蚀金属
Stable Isotopes
191Ir, 193Ir
Unstable Isotopes

164Ir, 165Ir, 166Ir, 167Ir, 168Ir, 169Ir, 170Ir, 171Ir, 172Ir, 173Ir, 174Ir, 175Ir, 176Ir, 177Ir, 178Ir, 179Ir, 180Ir, 181Ir, 182Ir, 183Ir, 184Ir, 185Ir, 186Ir, 187Ir, 188Ir, 189Ir, 190Ir, 192Ir, 194Ir, 195Ir, 196Ir, 197Ir, 198Ir, 199Ir