• 83

    Bi

  • Post-transition metals

    Bismuth

  • Group

    15

  • Period

    6

  • Block

    p

化学元素【铋】
  • Protons

    83

  • Electrons

    83

  • Neutrons

    126

德文“白色块状品”

General Properties

Atomic Number
83
Atomic Weight
208.9804
Mass Number
209
Category
Post-transition metals
Color
Gray
Radioactive
No
Discovery year
1400
Crystal Structure
Base Centered Monoclinic

History

铋在古代就被人类熟知,所以没有说有一位仁兄发现了铋

铋元素在早期常常和锡与铅混淆因其相似性

在1753年,法国化学家克劳德 弗朗索瓦 鲁瓦 将其区别阐释清楚
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Bi

Physical Properties

Phase
Solid
Density
9.78g/cm3
Melting Point
544.65 K | 271.5 °C | 520.7 °F
Boiling Point
1837.15 K | 1564 °C | 2847.2 °F
Heat of Fusion
10.9 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
160 kJ/mol
Specific Heat Capacity
0.122 J/g·K

Atomic Properties

Atomic Radius
156 pm
Covalent Radius
148 pm
Electronegativity
2.02 (鲍林标度)
Ionization Potential
7.2856 eV
Atomic Volume
21.3 cm3/mol
Thermal Conductivity
0.0797 W/cm·K
Oxidation States
-3, 3, 5
Abundance in Earth's crust
2.5×10-6%
Abundance in Universe
7×10-8%
CAS Number
7440-69-9
PubChem CID Number
5359367

Applications

铋被用来制造可塑铁合金和制造丙烯酸纤维的催化剂

碱式氯化铋被用在化妆品,眼影,染发剂和指甲油的颜料

它同样可以在非致死性弹药中部分地代替铅
铋单质有作为金属极高的电阻率
Stable Isotopes
-
Unstable Isotopes

184Bi, 185Bi, 186Bi, 187Bi, 188Bi, 189Bi, 190Bi, 191Bi, 192Bi, 193Bi, 194Bi, 195Bi, 196Bi, 197Bi, 198Bi, 199Bi, 200Bi, 201Bi, 202Bi, 203Bi, 204Bi, 205Bi, 206Bi, 207Bi, 208Bi, 209Bi, 210Bi, 211Bi, 212Bi, 213Bi, 214Bi, 215Bi, 216Bi, 217Bi, 218Bi